3种桑蟥基因组DNA提取方法比较研究

为了探寻一种高效、稳定、廉价的桑蟥基因组DNA提取方法,通过采用CTAB法、蛋白酶K法和盐析法3种方法研究桑蟥基因组DNA的提取。对提取的DNA进行分光光度值的测定以及COI基因的扩增鉴定。结果表明：3种方法均可以提取基因组DNA,蛋白酶K法和CTAB法DNA获得率优于饱和NaCl法提取的DNA,3种方法提取的DNA都可用于PCR扩增实验。因此,在实际工作中可根据实验目的、条件选取最适合的方法。     

K+ and Na+ fluxes in roots of two Chinese Iris populations

Maintenance of ion homeostasis, particularly the regulation of K⁺ and Na⁺ uptake, is important for all plants to adapt to salinity. Observations on ionic response to salinity and net fluxes of K⁺, Na⁺ in the root exhibited by plants during salt stress have highlighted the need for further investigation. The objectives of this study were to compare salt adaptation of two Chinese Iris (Iris lactea Pall. var. chinensis (Fisch.) Koidz.) populations, and to improve understanding of adaptation to salinity exhibited by plants. Plants used in this study were grown from seeds collected in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xj) and Beijing Municipality (Bj), China. Hydroponically-grown seedlings of the two populations were supplied with nutrient solutions containing 0.1 (control) and 140 mmol·L^-1 NaCl. After 12 days, plants were harvested for determination of relative growth rate and K⁺, Na⁺ concentrations. Net fluxes of K⁺, Na⁺ from the apex and along the root axis to 10.8 mm were measured using non-invasive micro-test technique. With 140 mmol·L^-1 NaCl treatment, shoots for population Xj had larger relative growth rate and higher K⁺ concentration than shoots for population Bj. However, the Na⁺ concentrations in both shoots and roots were lower for Xj than those for Bj. There was a lower net efflux of K⁺ found in population Xj than by Bj in the mature zone (approximately 2.4-10.8 mm from root tip). However, no difference in the efflux of Na⁺ between the populations was obtained. Population Xj of I. lactea continued to grow normally under NaCl stress, and maintained a higher K⁺/Na⁺ ratio in the shoots. These traits, which were associated with lower K⁺ leakage, help population Xj adapt to saline environments.     

花魔芋与湖北贝母一年两熟轮作栽培新模式研究

为探索花魔芋和湖北贝母的周年轮作栽培新模式,以花魔芋、湖北贝母为材料,考察其生育期、产量、病虫害、经济效益及栽培生理,探索新的轮作高效栽培模式。结果表明：花魔芋和湖北贝母轮作,生长期衔接良好,净作产量和效益分别为12377.85 kg/hm²和6189.25元/hm²,轮作中魔芋产量12489.00 kg/hm²、贝母产量8889.00 kg/hm²,总效益151335.00元/hm²。与对照相比,病害无显著差异,魔芋增产0.89%,虫害升高1.92%,综合效益高107.66%。同时,首次报道花魔芋根状茎的栽培生理问题,发现了其生育期与种芋安全贮藏的重要关系,提出生育期达184天以上方能基本保障根状茎的生理成熟。由此得出,花魔芋—湖北贝母一年两熟轮作栽培新模式可解决山区可耕作土地少、中药材野生种质资源湖北贝母过度开采等突出问题,实现生物多样性保护和经济效益的双赢。     

不同浓度钾素对甜菜幼苗生理生化指标的影响

试验采用1/2Hoagland营养液水培,研究不同浓度K⁺对甜菜幼苗生长和生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,甜菜幼苗叶片、叶柄、根系和整株的干物质量均随钾素浓度提高而增加,在K⁺浓度为3.00 mmol/L时最高;随K⁺浓度提高,甜菜幼苗根系、叶柄、叶片钾含量,幼苗全氮、磷、钾积累量,叶片、叶柄含水量,叶片相对含水量以及叶片面积随之逐步升高,3.00与6.00 mmol/L K⁺处理无明显差异;叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b含量,SOD、GPX活性,根系、叶柄和叶片全N含量随之逐步下降,3.00与6.00 mmol/L K⁺处理无明显差异;叶片CAT活性,根系、叶柄和叶片P含量保持不变或变化无规律。在本研究条件下,3.00 mmol/L K⁺是甜菜幼苗生长最佳营养浓度。     

小黄鱼生物学特征与资源数量的演变

通过分析20世纪50年代以来小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)资源动态和生物学特征演变,阐述其生物学特征与种群数量的变动机理,揭示种群兴衰的关键因素,评估小黄鱼的渔业风险。结果显示,小黄鱼资源动态由上世纪50年代的丰盛期演变至80年代的衰退低谷期、转而又发展到90年代初期的恢复期乃至此后的稳定丰厚期;年龄结构由50年代的10龄以上缩短到80年代的1~5龄、并继续缩小至90年代以来的1~3龄,世代周期缩短;以1龄鱼为初届性成熟年龄比例由50年代的少量(5%)扩大到80年代的中等(40%)、进一步演变到21世纪初以来的大量(74%~100%);个体绝对繁殖力从60年代初至90年代初显著提高,90年代以来无显著变化;生长参数K随资源丰厚与衰退而相应地减缓与加速,具有可逆的表型特征。小黄鱼资源数量和生物学性状的变动机理表明过度捕捞可导致开发性鱼类种群衰退,但鱼类种群为抗御过度捕捞而诱导生命史特征演变,并在适宜的渔业管理措施下有望实现鱼类种群恢复;性成熟提前和繁殖力提高是种群恢复的关键因素,针对性成熟和繁殖力的演变进化程度已接近极限或达最大潜力,如不控制捕捞强度,小黄鱼渔业面临着崩溃的风险。     

Dietary potassium requirement of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) based on growth and tissue potassium content

A growth trial was conducted to estimate the optimum concentration of dietary potassium (K) for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Triplicate groups of grass carp (3.96 ± 0.06 g) were fed diets containing graded levels (0.87, 2.90, 5.37, 7.54, 9.87 and 12.4 g kg^?1) of K for 8 weeks. Final body weight, weight gain and feed efficiency and gill Na⁺‐K⁺ ATPase activity were highest in fish fed with 9.87 g kg^?1 dietary K and lowest in fish fed the basal diet (P < 0.05). The K contents in whole body and muscle were linearly increased up to the 9.87 g kg^?1 dietary K and then levelled off beyond this level, whereas in scales and vertebrae up to the 7.54 g kg^?1 dietary K (P < 0.05). However, dietary K levels had no significant effect on ash, Ca, P and Mg contents in whole body, scales, vertebrae or muscle. Analysis using polynomial regression of weight gain and gill Na⁺‐K⁺ ATPase activity and using the broken‐line regression of whole body K concentrations indicated that the adequate dietary K concentration for grass carp is about 9.45–9.99 g kg^?1 diet.     

Cobia Rachycentron canadum L. reared in low‐salinity water: does dietary sodium chloride affect growth and osmoregulation?

The effects of NaCl supplementation (0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% dry weight of a basal diet) on growth, gill histological alterations and osmoregulation of juvenile cobia reared in low‐salinity water (5 g L^?1) were assessed. At the end of the experiment, gills were sampled for Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase activity determination and histological evaluation. In all treatments, no mortality was observed. Results showed that dietary NaCl supplementation did not alter growth. At the highest supplementations (7.5% and 10.0%), juvenile cobia showed higher feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase activity was higher in fish fed the diet without salt supplementation than in those fed with NaCl‐supplemented diets. The number of chloride cells significantly increased with increasing dietary salt level, being 2.5‐fold higher in fish fed with 10.0% NaCl supplementation (41 cells mm^?2) than in those from the non‐supplemented fed group (16 cells mm^?2). These findings indicate that dietary salt supplementation stimulated chloride cell proliferation paralleled with a reduction in the gill Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase activity, suggesting a possible decrease in energy consumption associated with osmoregulation. However, the suggested energy sparing did not have a significant impact on juvenile cobia growth.     

中国园艺学会2012年学术年会暨庆祝《园艺学报》创刊50周年—园艺学进展论坛征文通知

"中国园艺学会2012年学术年会暨庆祝《园艺学报》创刊50周年—园艺学进展论坛"将于2012年10月在西安举行,即日起征集:①研究论文摘要,②有关园艺学进展的综述文章。经审查合格的摘要和综述将分别收入"中国园艺学会2012年学术年会论文摘要集"和"庆祝《园艺学报》创刊50周年—园艺学进展论坛专辑",并于会前以     

4种因素对"龙薯3号"秋薯产量及产量构成的影响

良种要有良法,为了确保能充分发挥新品种优良特性,加快推广步伐,在推广利用中提供科学依据,对秋薯"龙薯3号"进行了栽插密度、施氮量、施钾量及氮肥施用法四因素正交高产试验,结果表明,组合3(A1B3C3D3)即每666.7m2插植3000株、施氮12 kg、施钾18 kg,氮肥施法采用前多后少为最优组合,小区平均产量最高达68.4 kg;其次为组合7(A3B1C2D2)即每666.7m2插植4000株、施氮8kg、施钾18kg,氮肥施法采用等量分施,小区平均产量达65.2 kg.施钾量对产量的影响最大,其次是栽插密度和施氮量,氮肥施用法的影响最小.同时,就不同种植密度对产量结构的影响做了简要分析.     

贝壳杉苗期施肥效应的研究

采用正交试验设计L9（3^4）,通过植物生长所需要的大量营养元素N、P、K三因素三水平及其不同配比的施肥试验,分析了各元素及其水平对贝壳杉苗高和地径生长的影响,确定了贝壳杉（Agathis dam-mara）苗期生长的最佳施肥方案。结果表明,施肥1～8个月不同处理间都呈极显著差异,低水平的营养元素对促进贝壳杉苗高和地径的生长好于高水平,以N1P1K1处理即每株施尿素2.2 g、钙镁磷肥16.6 g、氯化钾1.7 g效果最好,且与其它处理呈极显著差异。对贝壳杉苗高和地径生长的影响,都是N〉P〉K。